Linux server1.hosting4iran.com 4.18.0-553.123.2.el8_10.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu May 7 15:28:41 EDT 2026 x86_64
LiteSpeed
Server IP : 185.208.174.156 & Your IP : 216.73.217.179
Domains : 326 Domain
User : satitravel
Terminal
Auto Root
Create File
Create Folder
Localroot Suggester
Backdoor Destroyer
Readme
/
usr /
share /
doc /
python3-docs /
html /
library /
Delete
Unzip
Name
Size
Permission
Date
Action
2to3.html
60.26
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
__future__.html
15.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
__main__.html
8.81
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
_dummy_thread.html
8.98
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
_thread.html
22.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
abc.html
40.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
aifc.html
27.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
allos.html
31.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
archiving.html
11.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
argparse.html
268.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
array.html
32.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
ast.html
38.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asynchat.html
31.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asyncio-dev.html
50.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asyncio-eventloop.html
108.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asyncio-eventloops.html
32.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asyncio-protocol.html
85.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asyncio-queue.html
23.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asyncio-stream.html
59.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asyncio-subprocess.html
56.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asyncio-sync.html
34.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asyncio-task.html
82
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asyncio.html
27.37
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
asyncore.html
41.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
atexit.html
18
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
audioop.html
34.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
base64.html
35.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
bdb.html
42.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
binary.html
12.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
binascii.html
24.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
binhex.html
11.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
bisect.html
25
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
builtins.html
11.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
bz2.html
32.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
calendar.html
38.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
cgi.html
54.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
cgitb.html
12.47
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
chunk.html
16.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
cmath.html
33.37
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
cmd.html
42.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
code.html
27.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
codecs.html
130.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
codeop.html
13.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
collections.abc.html
59.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
collections.html
151.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
colorsys.html
12.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
compileall.html
27.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
concurrency.html
20.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
concurrent.futures.html
59.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
concurrent.html
7.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
configparser.html
137.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
constants.html
17.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
contextlib.html
86.72
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
copy.html
13.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
copyreg.html
14.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
crypt.html
19.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
crypto.html
10.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
csv.html
67.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
ctypes.html
258.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
curses.ascii.html
24.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
curses.html
171.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
curses.panel.html
16.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
custominterp.html
8.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
datatypes.html
23.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
datetime.html
299.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
dbm.html
42.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
debug.html
13.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
decimal.html
228.01
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
development.html
24.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
difflib.html
93.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
dis.html
103.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
distribution.html
10.26
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
distutils.html
10.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
doctest.html
175.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
dummy_threading.html
9.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.charset.html
25.81
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.compat32-message.html
84.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.contentmanager.html
29.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.encoders.html
13.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.errors.html
19.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.examples.html
56.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.generator.html
40.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.header.html
30.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.headerregistry.html
56.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.html
27.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.iterators.html
13.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.message.html
85.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.mime.html
35.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.parser.html
46.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.policy.html
73.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
email.util.html
33.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
ensurepip.html
18.26
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
enum.html
130.81
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
errno.html
40.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
exceptions.html
83.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
faulthandler.html
22.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
fcntl.html
26.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
filecmp.html
24.45
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
fileformats.html
10.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
fileinput.html
29.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
filesys.html
13.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
fnmatch.html
16.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
formatter.html
36.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
fpectl.html
17.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
fractions.html
29.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
frameworks.html
13.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
ftplib.html
53.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
functional.html
8.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
functions.html
196.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
functools.html
63.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
gc.html
28.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
getopt.html
24.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
getpass.html
11.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
gettext.html
74.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
glob.html
18
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
grp.html
12.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
gzip.html
31.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
hashlib.html
77.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
heapq.html
34.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
hmac.html
17.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
html.entities.html
11.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
html.html
10.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
html.parser.html
40.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
http.client.html
63.72
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
http.cookiejar.html
93.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
http.cookies.html
38.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
http.html
36.72
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
http.server.html
56.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
i18n.html
10.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
idle.html
47.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
imaplib.html
65.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
imghdr.html
13.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
imp.html
47.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
importlib.html
169.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
index.html
66.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
inspect.html
127.3
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
internet.html
30.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
intro.html
9.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
io.html
119.81
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
ipaddress.html
103.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
ipc.html
32.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
itertools.html
129.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
json.html
79.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
keyword.html
8.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
language.html
13.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
linecache.html
13.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
locale.html
60.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
logging.config.html
83.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
logging.handlers.html
109.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
logging.html
131.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
lzma.html
55.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
macpath.html
9.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
mailbox.html
153.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
mailcap.html
14.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
markup.html
18.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
marshal.html
17.89
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
math.html
52.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
mimetypes.html
30.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
misc.html
7.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
mm.html
9.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
mmap.html
33.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
modulefinder.html
18.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
modules.html
10.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
msilib.html
55.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
msvcrt.html
21.47
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
multiprocessing.html
356.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
netdata.html
17.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
netrc.html
14.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
nis.html
11.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
nntplib.html
67.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
numbers.html
40.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
numeric.html
15.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
operator.html
79.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
optparse.html
244.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
os.html
388.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
os.path.html
52.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
ossaudiodev.html
46.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
othergui.html
10.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
parser.html
41.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pathlib.html
113.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pdb.html
51.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
persistence.html
14.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pickle.html
112.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pickletools.html
16.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pipes.html
15.62
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pkgutil.html
31.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
platform.html
32.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
plistlib.html
28.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
poplib.html
30.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
posix.html
17.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pprint.html
40.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
profile.html
70.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pty.html
17.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pwd.html
12.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
py_compile.html
15.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pyclbr.html
16.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pydoc.html
15.62
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
pyexpat.html
86.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
python.html
16.73
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
queue.html
27.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
quopri.html
13.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
random.html
59.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
re.html
186.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
readline.html
41.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
reprlib.html
24.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
resource.html
35.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
rlcompleter.html
14.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
runpy.html
25.98
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
sched.html
19.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
secrets.html
24.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
select.html
61.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
selectors.html
35
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
shelve.html
28.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
shlex.html
47.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
shutil.html
72.47
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
signal.html
53.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
site.html
31.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
smtpd.html
35.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
smtplib.html
66.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
sndhdr.html
12.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
socket.html
191.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
socketserver.html
80
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
spwd.html
12.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
sqlite3.html
158.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
ssl.html
260.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
stat.html
43.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
statistics.html
48.88
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
stdtypes.html
454.74
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
string.html
93.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
stringprep.html
18.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
struct.html
49.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
subprocess.html
138.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
sunau.html
31.01
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
superseded.html
13.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
symbol.html
8.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
symtable.html
25.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
sys.html
138.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
sysconfig.html
29.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
syslog.html
20.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
tabnanny.html
11.98
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
tarfile.html
94.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
telnetlib.html
29.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
tempfile.html
40.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
termios.html
17.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
test.html
76.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
text.html
13.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
textwrap.html
37.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
threading.html
101.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
time.html
77.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
timeit.html
44.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
tk.html
22.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
tkinter.html
80.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
tkinter.scrolledtext.html
9.72
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
tkinter.tix.html
50.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
tkinter.ttk.html
108.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
token.html
22.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
tokenize.html
31.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
trace.html
28.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
traceback.html
56.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
tracemalloc.html
98.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
tty.html
10.29
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
turtle.html
244.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
types.html
36.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
typing.html
135.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
undoc.html
8.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
unicodedata.html
20.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
unittest.html
244.81
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
unittest.mock-examples.html
164.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
unittest.mock.html
293.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
unix.html
11.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
urllib.error.html
14.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
urllib.html
9.34
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
urllib.parse.html
74.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
urllib.request.html
173.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
urllib.robotparser.html
16.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
uu.html
11.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
uuid.html
31.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
venv.html
72.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
warnings.html
49.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
wave.html
29.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
weakref.html
63.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
webbrowser.html
26.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
windows.html
10.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
winreg.html
65.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
winsound.html
20.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
wsgiref.html
92.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xdrlib.html
32.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xml.dom.html
95.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xml.dom.minidom.html
40.51
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xml.dom.pulldom.html
23.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xml.etree.elementtree.html
132.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xml.html
18.81
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xml.sax.handler.html
41.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xml.sax.html
24.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xml.sax.reader.html
44.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xml.sax.utils.html
16.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xmlrpc.client.html
70.26
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xmlrpc.html
8.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
xmlrpc.server.html
48.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
zipapp.html
44.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
zipfile.html
78.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
zipimport.html
22.51
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
zlib.html
33.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
2023-12-18 11:36
Save
Rename
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>8.4. collections.abc — Abstract Base Classes for Containers — Python 3.6.7 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.6.7 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="8.5. heapq — Heap queue algorithm" href="heapq.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="8.3. collections — Container datatypes" href="collections.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.abc.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="heapq.html" title="8.5. heapq — Heap queue algorithm" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="collections.html" title="8.3. collections — Container datatypes" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="datatypes.html" accesskey="U">8. Data Types</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-collections.abc"> <span id="collections-abc-abstract-base-classes-for-containers"></span><h1>8.4. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-collections.abc" title="collections.abc: Abstract base classes for containers"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections.abc</span></code></a> — Abstract Base Classes for Containers<a class="headerlink" href="#module-collections.abc" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.3: </span>Formerly, this module was part of the <a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#module-collections" title="collections: Container datatypes"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections</span></code></a> module.</p> </div> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/_collections_abc.py">Lib/_collections_abc.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>This module provides <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-abstract-base-class"><span class="xref std std-term">abstract base classes</span></a> that can be used to test whether a class provides a particular interface; for example, whether it is hashable or whether it is a mapping.</p> <div class="section" id="collections-abstract-base-classes"> <span id="id1"></span><h2>8.4.1. Collections Abstract Base Classes<a class="headerlink" href="#collections-abstract-base-classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The collections module offers the following <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-abstract-base-class"><span class="xref std std-term">ABCs</span></a>:</p> <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="21%" /> <col width="18%" /> <col width="19%" /> <col width="42%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">ABC</th> <th class="head">Inherits from</th> <th class="head">Abstract Methods</th> <th class="head">Mixin Methods</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Container" title="collections.abc.Container"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Container</span></code></a></td> <td> </td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__</span></code></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Hashable" title="collections.abc.Hashable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Hashable</span></code></a></td> <td> </td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__hash__</span></code></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Iterable" title="collections.abc.Iterable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Iterable</span></code></a></td> <td> </td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Iterator" title="collections.abc.Iterator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Iterable" title="collections.abc.Iterable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Iterable</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__next__</span></code></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Reversible" title="collections.abc.Reversible"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Reversible</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Iterable" title="collections.abc.Iterable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Iterable</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__reversed__</span></code></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Generator" title="collections.abc.Generator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Generator</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Iterator" title="collections.abc.Iterator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">throw</span></code></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__next__</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Sized" title="collections.abc.Sized"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sized</span></code></a></td> <td> </td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__</span></code></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Callable" title="collections.abc.Callable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Callable</span></code></a></td> <td> </td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__call__</span></code></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Collection" title="collections.abc.Collection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Collection</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Sized" title="collections.abc.Sized"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sized</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Iterable" title="collections.abc.Iterable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Iterable</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Container" title="collections.abc.Container"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Container</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__</span></code></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Sequence" title="collections.abc.Sequence"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sequence</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Reversible" title="collections.abc.Reversible"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Reversible</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Collection" title="collections.abc.Collection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Collection</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__</span></code></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__reversed__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">index</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">count</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.MutableSequence" title="collections.abc.MutableSequence"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MutableSequence</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Sequence" title="collections.abc.Sequence"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sequence</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__setitem__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__delitem__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">insert</span></code></td> <td>Inherited <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Sequence" title="collections.abc.Sequence"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sequence</span></code></a> methods and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">append</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reverse</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pop</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">remove</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iadd__</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.ByteString" title="collections.abc.ByteString"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ByteString</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Sequence" title="collections.abc.Sequence"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sequence</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__</span></code></td> <td>Inherited <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Sequence" title="collections.abc.Sequence"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sequence</span></code></a> methods</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Set" title="collections.abc.Set"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Collection" title="collections.abc.Collection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Collection</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__</span></code></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__le__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__lt__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__eq__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__ne__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__gt__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__ge__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__and__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__or__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__sub__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__xor__</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isdisjoint</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.MutableSet" title="collections.abc.MutableSet"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MutableSet</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Set" title="collections.abc.Set"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">add</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">discard</span></code></td> <td>Inherited <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Set" title="collections.abc.Set"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code></a> methods and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clear</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pop</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">remove</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__ior__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iand__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__ixor__</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__isub__</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Mapping" title="collections.abc.Mapping"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mapping</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Collection" title="collections.abc.Collection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Collection</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__</span></code></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">keys</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">items</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">values</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__eq__</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__ne__</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.MutableMapping" title="collections.abc.MutableMapping"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MutableMapping</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Mapping" title="collections.abc.Mapping"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mapping</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__setitem__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__delitem__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__</span></code></td> <td>Inherited <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Mapping" title="collections.abc.Mapping"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mapping</span></code></a> methods and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pop</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popitem</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clear</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setdefault</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.MappingView" title="collections.abc.MappingView"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MappingView</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Sized" title="collections.abc.Sized"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sized</span></code></a></td> <td> </td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.ItemsView" title="collections.abc.ItemsView"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ItemsView</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.MappingView" title="collections.abc.MappingView"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MappingView</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Set" title="collections.abc.Set"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code></a></td> <td> </td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.KeysView" title="collections.abc.KeysView"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeysView</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.MappingView" title="collections.abc.MappingView"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MappingView</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Set" title="collections.abc.Set"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code></a></td> <td> </td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.ValuesView" title="collections.abc.ValuesView"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValuesView</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.MappingView" title="collections.abc.MappingView"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MappingView</span></code></a></td> <td> </td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Awaitable" title="collections.abc.Awaitable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Awaitable</span></code></a></td> <td> </td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__await__</span></code></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Coroutine" title="collections.abc.Coroutine"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Coroutine</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Awaitable" title="collections.abc.Awaitable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Awaitable</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">throw</span></code></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.AsyncIterable" title="collections.abc.AsyncIterable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AsyncIterable</span></code></a></td> <td> </td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__aiter__</span></code></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.AsyncIterator" title="collections.abc.AsyncIterator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AsyncIterator</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.AsyncIterable" title="collections.abc.AsyncIterable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AsyncIterable</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__anext__</span></code></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__aiter__</span></code></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.AsyncGenerator" title="collections.abc.AsyncGenerator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AsyncGenerator</span></code></a></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.AsyncIterator" title="collections.abc.AsyncIterator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AsyncIterator</span></code></a></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asend</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">athrow</span></code></td> <td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aclose</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__aiter__</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__anext__</span></code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.Container"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Container</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Container" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.abc.Hashable"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Hashable</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Hashable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.abc.Sized"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Sized</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Sized" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.abc.Callable"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Callable</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Callable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABCs for classes that provide respectively the methods <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__contains__" title="object.__contains__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__hash__" title="object.__hash__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__hash__()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__len__" title="object.__len__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__()</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__call__" title="object.__call__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__call__()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.Iterable"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Iterable</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Iterable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABC for classes that provide the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__iter__" title="object.__iter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__()</span></code></a> method.</p> <p>Checking <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isinstance(obj,</span> <span class="pre">Iterable)</span></code> detects classes that are registered as <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Iterable" title="collections.abc.Iterable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Iterable</span></code></a> or that have an <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__iter__" title="object.__iter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__()</span></code></a> method, but it does not detect classes that iterate with the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__getitem__" title="object.__getitem__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__()</span></code></a> method. The only reliable way to determine whether an object is <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-iterable"><span class="xref std std-term">iterable</span></a> is to call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">iter(obj)</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.Collection"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Collection</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Collection" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABC for sized iterable container classes.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.6.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.Iterator"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Iterator</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Iterator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABC for classes that provide the <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#iterator.__iter__" title="iterator.__iter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#iterator.__next__" title="iterator.__next__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__next__()</span></code></a> methods. See also the definition of <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-iterator"><span class="xref std std-term">iterator</span></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.Reversible"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Reversible</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Reversible" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABC for iterable classes that also provide the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__reversed__" title="object.__reversed__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__reversed__()</span></code></a> method.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.6.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.Generator"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Generator</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Generator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABC for generator classes that implement the protocol defined in <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0342"><strong>PEP 342</strong></a> that extends iterators with the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#generator.send" title="generator.send"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#generator.throw" title="generator.throw"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">throw()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#generator.close" title="generator.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> methods. See also the definition of <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-generator"><span class="xref std std-term">generator</span></a>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.Sequence"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Sequence</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Sequence" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.abc.MutableSequence"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">MutableSequence</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.MutableSequence" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.abc.ByteString"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">ByteString</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.ByteString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABCs for read-only and mutable <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-sequence"><span class="xref std std-term">sequences</span></a>.</p> <p>Implementation note: Some of the mixin methods, such as <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__iter__" title="object.__iter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__reversed__" title="object.__reversed__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__reversed__()</span></code></a> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">index()</span></code>, make repeated calls to the underlying <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__getitem__" title="object.__getitem__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__()</span></code></a> method. Consequently, if <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__getitem__" title="object.__getitem__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__()</span></code></a> is implemented with constant access speed, the mixin methods will have linear performance; however, if the underlying method is linear (as it would be with a linked list), the mixins will have quadratic performance and will likely need to be overridden.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The index() method added support for <em>stop</em> and <em>start</em> arguments.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.Set"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Set</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Set" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.abc.MutableSet"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">MutableSet</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.MutableSet" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABCs for read-only and mutable sets.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.Mapping"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Mapping</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Mapping" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.abc.MutableMapping"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">MutableMapping</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.MutableMapping" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABCs for read-only and mutable <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-mapping"><span class="xref std std-term">mappings</span></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.MappingView"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">MappingView</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.MappingView" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.abc.ItemsView"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">ItemsView</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.ItemsView" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.abc.KeysView"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">KeysView</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.KeysView" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="collections.abc.ValuesView"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">ValuesView</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.ValuesView" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABCs for mapping, items, keys, and values <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-dictionary-view"><span class="xref std std-term">views</span></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.Awaitable"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Awaitable</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Awaitable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABC for <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-awaitable"><span class="xref std std-term">awaitable</span></a> objects, which can be used in <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#await"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code></a> expressions. Custom implementations must provide the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__await__" title="object.__await__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__await__()</span></code></a> method.</p> <p><a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-coroutine"><span class="xref std std-term">Coroutine</span></a> objects and instances of the <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Coroutine" title="collections.abc.Coroutine"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Coroutine</span></code></a> ABC are all instances of this ABC.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">In CPython, generator-based coroutines (generators decorated with <a class="reference internal" href="types.html#types.coroutine" title="types.coroutine"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">types.coroutine()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.coroutine" title="asyncio.coroutine"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.coroutine()</span></code></a>) are <em>awaitables</em>, even though they do not have an <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__await__" title="object.__await__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__await__()</span></code></a> method. Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isinstance(gencoro,</span> <span class="pre">Awaitable)</span></code> for them will return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>. Use <a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#inspect.isawaitable" title="inspect.isawaitable"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inspect.isawaitable()</span></code></a> to detect them.</p> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.Coroutine"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">Coroutine</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.Coroutine" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABC for coroutine compatible classes. These implement the following methods, defined in <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#coroutine-objects"><span class="std std-ref">Coroutine Objects</span></a>: <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#coroutine.send" title="coroutine.send"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#coroutine.throw" title="coroutine.throw"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">throw()</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#coroutine.close" title="coroutine.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a>. Custom implementations must also implement <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__await__" title="object.__await__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__await__()</span></code></a>. All <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Coroutine" title="collections.abc.Coroutine"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Coroutine</span></code></a> instances are also instances of <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Awaitable" title="collections.abc.Awaitable"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Awaitable</span></code></a>. See also the definition of <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-coroutine"><span class="xref std std-term">coroutine</span></a>.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">In CPython, generator-based coroutines (generators decorated with <a class="reference internal" href="types.html#types.coroutine" title="types.coroutine"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">types.coroutine()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.coroutine" title="asyncio.coroutine"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.coroutine()</span></code></a>) are <em>awaitables</em>, even though they do not have an <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__await__" title="object.__await__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__await__()</span></code></a> method. Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isinstance(gencoro,</span> <span class="pre">Coroutine)</span></code> for them will return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>. Use <a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#inspect.isawaitable" title="inspect.isawaitable"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inspect.isawaitable()</span></code></a> to detect them.</p> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.AsyncIterable"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">AsyncIterable</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.AsyncIterable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABC for classes that provide <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__aiter__</span></code> method. See also the definition of <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-asynchronous-iterable"><span class="xref std std-term">asynchronous iterable</span></a>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.AsyncIterator"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">AsyncIterator</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.AsyncIterator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABC for classes that provide <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__aiter__</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__anext__</span></code> methods. See also the definition of <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-asynchronous-iterator"><span class="xref std std-term">asynchronous iterator</span></a>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="collections.abc.AsyncGenerator"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">collections.abc.</code><code class="descname">AsyncGenerator</code><a class="headerlink" href="#collections.abc.AsyncGenerator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>ABC for asynchronous generator classes that implement the protocol defined in <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0525"><strong>PEP 525</strong></a> and <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0492"><strong>PEP 492</strong></a>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.6.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>These ABCs allow us to ask classes or instances if they provide particular functionality, for example:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="nb">isinstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myvar</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">collections</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Sized</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">myvar</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Several of the ABCs are also useful as mixins that make it easier to develop classes supporting container APIs. For example, to write a class supporting the full <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Set" title="collections.abc.Set"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code></a> API, it is only necessary to supply the three underlying abstract methods: <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__contains__" title="object.__contains__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__contains__()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__iter__" title="object.__iter__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__iter__()</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__len__" title="object.__len__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__len__()</span></code></a>. The ABC supplies the remaining methods such as <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__and__" title="object.__and__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__and__()</span></code></a> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isdisjoint()</span></code>:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ListBasedSet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">collections</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Set</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="sd">''' Alternate set implementation favoring space over speed</span> <span class="sd"> and not requiring the set elements to be hashable. '''</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">elements</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lst</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">iterable</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__iter__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">iter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">elements</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__contains__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">value</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">elements</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__len__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">elements</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">s1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ListBasedSet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'abcdef'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">s2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ListBasedSet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'defghi'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">overlap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s1</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="n">s2</span> <span class="c1"># The __and__() method is supported automatically</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Notes on using <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Set" title="collections.abc.Set"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.MutableSet" title="collections.abc.MutableSet"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MutableSet</span></code></a> as a mixin:</p> <ol class="arabic simple"> <li>Since some set operations create new sets, the default mixin methods need a way to create new instances from an iterable. The class constructor is assumed to have a signature in the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ClassName(iterable)</span></code>. That assumption is factored-out to an internal classmethod called <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_from_iterable()</span></code> which calls <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cls(iterable)</span></code> to produce a new set. If the <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Set" title="collections.abc.Set"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code></a> mixin is being used in a class with a different constructor signature, you will need to override <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_from_iterable()</span></code> with a classmethod that can construct new instances from an iterable argument.</li> <li>To override the comparisons (presumably for speed, as the semantics are fixed), redefine <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__le__" title="object.__le__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__le__()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__ge__" title="object.__ge__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__ge__()</span></code></a>, then the other operations will automatically follow suit.</li> <li>The <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Set" title="collections.abc.Set"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code></a> mixin provides a <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_hash()</span></code> method to compute a hash value for the set; however, <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__hash__" title="object.__hash__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__hash__()</span></code></a> is not defined because not all sets are hashable or immutable. To add set hashability using mixins, inherit from both <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Set" title="collections.abc.Set"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.Hashable" title="collections.abc.Hashable"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Hashable()</span></code></a>, then define <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__hash__</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">Set._hash</span></code>.</li> </ol> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <ul class="last simple"> <li><a class="reference external" href="https://code.activestate.com/recipes/576694/">OrderedSet recipe</a> for an example built on <a class="reference internal" href="#collections.abc.MutableSet" title="collections.abc.MutableSet"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MutableSet</span></code></a>.</li> <li>For more about ABCs, see the <a class="reference internal" href="abc.html#module-abc" title="abc: Abstract base classes according to PEP 3119."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abc</span></code></a> module and <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3119"><strong>PEP 3119</strong></a>.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">8.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections.abc</span></code> — Abstract Base Classes for Containers</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#collections-abstract-base-classes">8.4.1. Collections Abstract Base Classes</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="collections.html" title="previous chapter">8.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collections</span></code> — Container datatypes</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="heapq.html" title="next chapter">8.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">heapq</span></code> — Heap queue algorithm</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.6/Doc/library/collections.abc.rst" rel="nofollow">Show Source </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="heapq.html" title="8.5. heapq — Heap queue algorithm" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="collections.html" title="8.3. collections — Container datatypes" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="datatypes.html" >8. Data Types</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2001-2023, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on Dec 18, 2023. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.7.6. </div> </body> </html>